Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): fMRI is a neuroimaging technique that measures changes in blood flow and oxygenation levels in the brain to map neural activity. It utilizes a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of brain structures and their functions. By detecting the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal, fMRI can identify regions of the brain that are active during specific tasks or at rest. This non-invasive technique provides insights into brain functioning related to cognition, perception, emotions, and sensory processes. fMRI helps researchers and clinicians understand the neural basis of various mental processes and disorders.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET): PET imaging involves injecting a small amount of a radioactive tracer, usually a positron-emitting molecule, into the bloodstream. The tracer emits positrons, which collide with electrons, producing gamma rays that are detected by the PET scanner. By detecting the gamma rays, PET measures the metabolic activity and blood flow in different regions of the brain. PET can provide information about the brain's chemical and molecular processes, such as neurotransmitter activity and receptor binding. It is commonly used to study brain disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and to guide treatment planning.

Electroencephalography (EEG): EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain using multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. It records the summation of electrical signals generated by the brain's neurons. EEG is a non-invasive and widely accessible technique that provides high temporal resolution, making it useful for studying fast-paced brain activity. It helps in diagnosing and monitoring various neurological conditions, such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries. EEG can also be used for research purposes to investigate brainwave patterns associated with specific cognitive processes, emotions, and states of consciousness. QEEG (Quantitative Electroencephalography) is a specialized technique that combines the principles of EEG (Electroencephalography) with advanced analysis methods to quantitatively assess brainwave activity. Unlike traditional EEG, which primarily involves visual interpretation of brainwave patterns, QEEG provides a more comprehensive and objective evaluation of the brain's electrical activity. QEEG involves the recording of EEG signals from multiple scalp electrodes, followed by the analysis of these signals using sophisticated algorithms and statistical methods. The primary objective of QEEG is to identify patterns and abnormalities in brainwave activity that may be associated with neurological conditions or cognitive functions. It compares the individual's EEG data to normative databases or generates brain maps and statistical measures to assess deviations from expected patterns. QEEG can provide insights into brain connectivity, asymmetry, coherence, and other quantitative measures, aiding in the identification of biomarkers related to specific disorders or cognitive processes. QEEG has applications in various areas, including clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and neurofeedback training. It is particularly useful in evaluating conditions such as epilepsy, ADHD, traumatic brain injuries, sleep disorders, and neuropsychiatric disorders. QEEG findings can assist healthcare professionals in determining appropriate interventions, monitoring treatment progress, and customizing neurofeedback protocols to target specific areas of dysregulation in the brain. By utilizing QEEG, clinicians and researchers gain a deeper understanding of the brain's functional organization and can tailor interventions to promote optimal brain function. It provides a quantitative and objective assessment of brainwave activity, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and guiding personalized treatment approaches for individuals with neurological and cognitive conditions.